The Handmaids Tale By Margret Atwood - 1179 Words

Margret Atwood’s 1985 dystopian novel The Handmaids Tale is a striking work of fiction, with strong characters inundated in a depressing melancholy. A dysfunctional patriarchal society based around the common goal of producing offspring, Gilead, becomes the physical manifestation of modern misogyny and championing of the male. Atwood uses this speculative and extreme example in the future to convey a message about current society, resulting in a famous example of the Dystopian genre. Atwood explores the ideas of individuality, leadership and control, conveying her ideas through a multitude of techniques. Prevention of individuality strips away key unique and identifying factors, reducing humans to become machines, uniform in thought, action and persona. Gilead’s regime largely achieves this goal for the Handmaids and the Aunts. Wives, being the counterparts to the masterminds of the operation, retain their individuality, as do the Commanders. Sexual intimacy and relationships, however, are destroyed by the regime. Romance and love being some of the most powerful human concepts and emotions, this means that Gilead truly dehumanises all involved, to varying extents. Atwood used personification to represent the wide-ranging surveillance in the form of the ‘Eyes of God’ state surveillance agency. The intrusion of the state into Offred’s mind was clear at multiple points in the book, mentioning sights of black cars marked with the eye symbol and â€Å"men in grey suits† as well asShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margret Atwood888 Words   |  4 Pa ges Margret Atwood’s novel the handmaid’s tale conveys a futuristic society that restrains basic human rights to its people. The republic of Gilead maintains and justifies its power structure through extreme interpretation of religion. As a result of a drastic drop in birth rate, the regime holds women captive for their ability to reproduce. To avoid rebellion Gilead censors all information and sets up an undercover policing unit called the Eyes. The population mindlessly follows the regime makingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margret Atwood1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"The Handmaid s Tale†, the author Margret Atwood introduces a dystopian America where everything that once was is no more. In this society there is a change in the state s entire structure, it has returned to its traditional ways or in other words a religious trap; both women and men are sorted into categories, and each plays their part. Men can be Angles, Commanders or Guardians. Angles are unknown but they are the ones who run society, commanders are slightly lower in rank withRead MoreDon t Get Me Wrong Margret Atwood1311 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar world of the speculative fiction novels of Margret Atwood best known for The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake ,Which lead to the discovery that these tales of a dystopian world and one of love and adventure seem to hit a little too close to home and bring out emotions that may have been dormant. There is no doubt that she is a brilliant writer, but the question that runs through my mind is, which one is superior. Some say that The Handmaid’s tale was all around controversial and that Oryx andRead MoreFiction Or Reality : All Too Familiar World Of The Speculative Fiction Novels Of Margret Atwood1319 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar world of the speculative fiction novels of Margret Atwood best known for The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake ,Which lead to the discovery that these tales of a dystopian world and one of love and adventure seem to hit a little too close to home and bring out emotions that may have been dormant. There is no doubt that she is a brilliant writer, but the question that runs through my mind is, which one is superior. Some say that The Handmaid’s tale was all around controversial and that Oryx andRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1709 Words   |  7 PagesAtwood’s bestselling novel is The Handmaid’s Tale, a disturbing dystopian fiction novel. The Handmaid’s Tale is a complex tale of a woman’s life living in a society that endorses sexual slavery and inequality through oppression and fear. The female characters in Margaret Atwood’s novel demonstrates how these issues affects women’s lives. Offred is the individual with whom we sympathize and experience these issues. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood addresses her perception of the ongoing feminismRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale Liter acy Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesENG4U: The Handmaid’s Tale Literacy Essay Shoshannah Lewis Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale takes place in the closely monitored, male dominant area of Gilead where women are deprived of their sexual and human rights, forbidding them to live independently. For many years prior to Gilead’s existence, women were seen as inferior to men and neglected of basic human rights such as voting, career opportunities, and equal salaries. The Republic of Gilead was later introduced following the transitionRead MoreMemories of Life Before Government Control: Orwells 1984, Atwoods The Handmaids Tale, and Huxleys Brave New World1107 Words   |  5 Pagesmemoires to compare it to the new way of ruling which sometimes is less favorable to the individual. Governments try to change people’s opinions of reality which proves to be impossible. Within the novels, 1984 by George Orwell, The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley the Governments have taken societys freedom away and all that remains ar e the memories of what life was like before the changes; the main characters are constantly using the past as a way to surviveRead MoreThe Roles Minor Characters Have in Literature1613 Words   |  7 PagesIn the three novels that were examined this year, The Great Gatsby, The Kite Runner, and The Handmaids Tale, the minor character had a pivotal role in the development of the plot. In The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway is not only the narrator but he is the image of order in a society of disorder. In The Kite Runner, Rahim Khan is the moral center and acts as the voice of reason. Lastly in The Handmaids Tale, Moira is the paradigm of rebellion but also proves that there is hope in challenging circumstancesRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Handmaids Tale1522 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in the past were perceived as insignificant because of the society’s inability to embrace and acknowledge women as of equal importance as men and of those who are wealthy. In Margret Atwoodâ€⠄¢s novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, the character by the name of Offred, is a handmaid and tells her perspective of the dystopian life in the community of Gilead. The women of 1985 serve the males and the rich if they are not a wealthy maiden themselves. However, regardless of class, women are always discernedRead MoreAnalysis of Top Girls by Laurianne1369 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze Churchill’s use of diverse and contrasting characters to create dramatic effect in ‘Top Girls’. Compare and contrast the presentation of culture and society in ‘Top Girls’ and Atwood’s ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’. Evaluate how successful the two writers are at using characters to present their themes. Churchill explores the different characteristics of Marlene from the first scene of Top Girls; we capture the diverse characters that vary the historical, fictional, allegorical aspects to artistically

The Inhumane Treatment Of The Holocaust - 1714 Words

The Holocaust was one of the largest genocides in history. An estimated eleven million people were killed- six million of these people being Jewish. Not only were millions murdered, but hundreds of thousands who survived the concentration camps were forever scarred by the dehumanizing events that they saw, committed, and lived through. In the novel â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel recounts the spine-chillingly horrific events of the Holocaust that affected him first-hand, in an attempt to make the reality of the Holocaust clear and understandable to those who could not believe it. What was arguably one of the worst punishments the victims of the Holocaust faced, was how they were dehumanized within concentration camps. To dehumanize means to steal away the attributes that make one human, be it loyalty, faith, kindness, or even our love for one another and ourselves. The inhumane treatment of the Jews alongside millions of other victims by the Nazi’s was rooted from t he systematic dehumanization of these groups. Although the extent of the brutality cannot ever be fully understood by those uninvolved, Wiesel’s terrifying record of his involvement proves how the unlivable conditions in Auschwitz not only typically concluded with death, but on the way stole the Jews’ faith, forced them to turn on one another in an attempt at survival, and even tore apart the previously unbreakable bond between family members. Although an attachment to faith kept a sense of community betweenShow MoreRelated Holocaust Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages Death and Humanity in the Holocaust nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Within the twentieth century, what event stands out to you as the most inhumane treatment of fellow humans. Without a doubt, most would agree that the Holocaust completely matches this sad frame of reference. The Holocaust in Germany was an unspeakable event in human history. In this terrible act, at its worst in Poland, was the direct cause of the deaths of 62.7% of the Jewish population in Europe (History 1). It is obvious thatRead MoreInhumane Treatment in Night971 Words   |  4 PagesThe resistance of the Holocaust has claimed worldwide fame at a certain point in history, but the evidence that the evil-doers themselves left crush everything that verifies the fantasy of the Holocaust. For an example, in Poland, the total Jewish population of over thirty-three hundred thousand suddenly plummeted to three hundred thousand. Ten percent of the population survived the Holocaust in Poland. Almost every country that the Nazis have conquered has the same percent of survival as PolandRead MoreThe Holocaust, By Robert Burns1121 Words   |  5 Pagesthought clearly. One that stands out to me is the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the â€Å"purification† of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler from 1939 to 1945. There were millions of people that were cycled through the concentration camps that the Nazis built. The millions of people that were killed are just a small portion of the billions that were indirectly impacted by the horrible actions of the Nazis. I believe that Nazi Germany performed inhumane acts on the people that they put into the concentrationRead MoreThe Night And Maus Book Review Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesand his childhood and innocence destroyed and changed his identity as a result of his experiences during the Holocaust. Vladek Spiegelman, a Polish Jew in the book Maus written by Art Spiegelman, struggles through life during this European catastrophe, but does not portray a memory as affecting as Elie Wiesel’s. Night and the book Maus both contextually focus on survivors of the Holocaust, but Night illustrates a more graphic and realistic memory of this gruesome event. The portrayal of memory hasRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis1085 Words   |  5 PagesPublishing â€Å"The Lottery† in 1948, at the termination of World War II, Shirley Jackson uses prevalent cultural and historic cues throughout this story to insinuate a threatened, late 1940’s American society. References to the Holocaust were made by appeasing to this violent and sadistic tradition of stoning, in like manner the propelling of the stones reference the propelling of The Atomic Bomb. Consequently, the people of this village were forced to conform with the inability to observe humanityRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel : Book Analysis708 Words   |  3 PagesLuba Frederick, a holocaust survivor, answered â€Å"To die was easy.†, when discussing the tragic and horrible events of the holocaust. In the Nazi concentration camps, life was miserable. Jews were oppressed by Nazi’s and forced to do their dirty work. Families, jobs, dreams, were nothing more than an illusion as cruel and inhumane treatment replaced them. People felt hopeless and looked to death as an option. Many were intrigued with the idea of death, since it was easier to give up rather than choosingRead MoreHitler Taking Control Of Germany. Thesis: Hitler Gained1543 Words   |  7 Pagesyou hear it, images of the Holocaust, gas chambers, the Nazi Party and World War II come to mind (Weaver). Nearly six million jews died between 1939-1945. But what was the holocaust? The holocaust took place between 1938 and 1945. It was the state-sponsored genocide of six million Jews, in addition to other discriminated minority groups such as homosexual, gypsies, and Poles. The holocaust was a defining experience in both Jewish and German history. Proceeding the holocaust, Adolf Hitler was appointedRead MoreThe Conce ntration Camps During The Holocaust1508 Words   |  7 PagesWWII, but even world history. The treatment that citizens like Jews had to experience still influence people nearly 70 years later, after the end of World War II in 1945. The establishment that began this process was known as the Nazi Regime. Their ideas lead by Adolf Hitler brainwashed millions of Germans to believe that the concentration camps were the right thing to establish . The operation of concentration camps during the Holocaust in WWII was the most inhumane event in world history because ofRead MoreHuman Rights And Its Effects On Society Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical event of the Holocaust in Germany. Genocide in Germany The Holocaust is one of the most prominent events that is talked about when it comes to Human Rights. The Jewish community was targeted from hateful propaganda from the head of the government at the time. This resulted in millions of lives and families being uprooted from their homes. Many describe the Holocaust as being â€Å"systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution† (Introduction to the Holocaust 2016). Since the historicalRead MoreMilgram s Experiments On Obedience By Ian Parker955 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle Obedience, Ian Parker critiques Milgram s experiment claiming that it had its faults; for example, his conclusions failed to prove his theory on the occurrence of the Holocaust (Parker 102). With his multiple sources, Parker validates his statements about the Holocaust, and as well as the unethical treatment Milgram s subjects received after the experiment, abandoning them with inner issues. Diana Baumrind, a fellow psychologist, assess the Milgram Ex periment in her article Review

Marketing ethics Free Essays

string(49) " who believes that the advertisement is immoral\." To begin this paper I would first give a definition of what Marketing Ethics is. From what I have gathered â€Å"Marketing ethics is the area of applied ethics which deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing.† (www. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now wikipedia.org). It is common knowledge that the area of ethics is rather wide. People sometimes confuse ethics with that of morality. Thus, a distinction may be called upon in order to understand things better. Ethics is vaster than that of morality. Ethics is the study of values and customs of a group of people. Ethics is divided into three parts, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Of the three, marketing ethics is under applied ethics. Now, when one talks about morality a clear distinction must be made between ethics and morality. By morality, one means simply a concept under ethics which dwells with matters of right and wrong. Having made the distinction let us now go on to what is meant by applied ethics from whence marketing ethics is a part. Applied ethics is something which aims to apply theoretical ethics such as utilitarianism, Kantianism among many others to real world dilemmas. (www.wikipedia.org). Such is one of the purposes of this paper. Upon closely examining the way Subway operates we will then go on to look and to evaluate from two different ethical perspectives whether Subway is doing something unethical or not. In this paper I choose two contrasting ethical frameworks that of Utilitarianism and Kantianism, to examine the way Subway operate according to these two ethical standards. I will now move on to introducing the side of the two ethical issues. The philosopher Immanuel Kant developed Kantianism. His ethics is called deontological because it revolves primarily around duty. All actions should be done according to duty because it is what we â€Å"ought to† do. For Kant, all humans are rational being and thus humans ought to know what is good and what is bad which can be seen on his idea of categorical imperative. This is what I meant earlier by doing something because you â€Å"ought to† do it. It is categorical imperative because you have no other choice but to do it, thus the term â€Å"ought†. Kant pays little respect for things done out of emotion or feelings, thus for him, saving a drowning child out of pity is not a moral thing to do. The only moral thing for him are things done out of duty. According to Kant the consequence of an action holds no bearing in making it a moral act. For him humans are different from other animals because of our faculty of reason. Thus, we must treat each and everyone with respect simply on the grounds that s/he is human and thus one does not deserve and should not be treated simply as a means towards an end. The second ethical framework I chose is utilitarianism. In utilitarianism the moral worth of an action is determined by the utility it has to offer. It is the exact opposite of Kantianism in that for a utilitarian sacrificing a person to achieve a better end is not bad. If an action would produce the betterment of the many then it is okay for them to sacrifice a few if such is the only way to save more people. For example, if the world is taken over by aliens and the only way to save it is to offer the hearts of twenty very young children as a sacrifice and to appease the intruders so that they would leave us alone, then the action the world must take, for a utilitarian, is to do the offering as soon as possible. There is no room for pity or the like if such would be the only means there is to save the world. The rights of the twenty chosen children to live would be overridden by the lives of the remaining population of the world. Such is the way a utilitarian point of view operates. Also, for a utilitarian the unique ability of humans is their ability to feel pleasure and pain. So, for a utilitarian the moral thing to do is one that would produce the higher amount of pleasure. The utilitarians believe that the end justifies the means. Seeing the philosophy utilitarians live by one must clearly see that it is the exact anti-thesis of Kantianism. Before analyzing the marketing strategy of Subway one must first have a background of what Subway is. Subway is a multinational restaurant franchise. The foods they offer are mainly that of salads and sandwiches. Subway, a health restaurant which is very concern over diet and nutrition, is founded in 1965 by Fred de Luca and Peter Buck. Subway is very famous and very successful worldwide even though the foods they offer are rather expensive. Their success may be attributed to the fact that they know or they try to know the mentality of their customers. The restaurant is very health conscious which a very common trend is nowadays, with everyone trying their best in order not to be overweight. Having discussed the two ethical frameworks I would later use on this paper, I would now move on to the evaluation of the marketing strategy of Subway. To begin, I would first give a lay-out of how subway does their marketing. I have read one article of how subway did some of its marketing. On this particular article Subway chose a rather unique form of advertising which shocked and enraged Americans. They managed to enrage the Americans by promoting the film â€Å"Super Size Me† and by using as an advertisement the fat statue of Liberty holding some burgers and fries with a bold headline saying â€Å"WHY ARE AMERICANS SO FAT?† Of course the Americans are known to be people who show great value on their prides thus the advertisement caused them to get mad. There are Americans who believes that the advertisement is immoral. You read "Marketing ethics" in category "Essay examples" Looking at an unbiased point of view I think that what Subway did is of course insensitive and a little off the mark. However, companies would do everything in their power in order to attract more customers. For that, I would say that Subway indeed succeeding in doing their marketing strategy by catching the eye of the public. In this regard, I would say that Subway did their marketing on a utilitarian basis. What made me think so would be discussed later on this paper. Analyzing what Subway did in the point of view of a believer of the Kantian theory, a Kantian would say that what subway did is not acceptable because they treated the Americans as a means to achieve their end which for a Kantian is a crime. For a Kantian, Subway failed to treat the Americans with the respect due to them as individuals. No matter how great the end result would have been for Subway, fact remains that they used others to obtain their end and it is not acceptable. In a Kantian point of view Subway did something wrong. On a utilitarian point of view however, they would say that if the act Subway did promote greater utility for the most number of people, then Subway could not have did something immoral. Since what they did produced good result then their act is morally acceptable and thus should not be condemned. Subway wishes to attract kids and tweens for their customers. They are promoting healthy food because they are promoting something about anti-obesity. According to Michelle Cordial, â€Å"children don’t want to eat healthy foods although they are talking about healthy food in school†. Teenagers, which make up a large number of their customers, are very much concern with the way they look and they are very much disturbed and conscious with their physical appearance and so I think that Subway chose to promote healthy but delicious food in order to appease and to please teenagers. As for the kids of younger age, I think that their advertisement and their promotion of healthy food are in order to please the parents. As a parent they would want their children to eat healthy foods and which restaurant offers healthy foods if not Subway? I think that something to that effect must be going on, on the minds of those responsible for the decisions being made in the management of Subway. I mentioned earlier that the target market of Subway is teenagers and children. How do they aim to do that? Subway did that by thinking of catchy promos which their clients cannot resist. Such promos includes getting key chains and lanyards on their Kids’ Pak meal and value meals and giving a promo from where one may win a chance to have a trip for six to Vans’ Triple Crown of Surfing competitions which would be held on Hawaii from November-December. It is normal for businessmen to improve the market of their products by thinking of promos which their clients cannot resist. Of course, Subway claims to be different from McDonald, KFC and the like. I think they made that claim because it is common knowledge that foods from such restaurants or fast food chains are high in cholesterol and thus expose their clients into the state of being fat. Claiming to be the same as the fast food chains I mentioned above would contradict the earlier claim made by Subway that they promotes healthy food now, wouldn’t it? I have mentioned earlier that such marketing strategy is very useful because it greatly appeals to their target clients. Of course, Subway is very successful because they are living up to their standards and because they are capable of thinking of gimmicks which would work and which would appeal greatly to their customers. In this line, I think that the strategy used by Subway is great because it helps attain what they set out to attain. I don’t think that Subway made an unwise choice by opening a branch in Iraq. Of course, before embarking upon a certain project a businessman must first check the location, the population and the like in order to see if their products would be accepted in a certain location or not and thus I think that their decision to open a branch there is made on rational grounds and thus not foolish. As I have mentioned earlier, Subway is doing very great strategy in that they always try to know their customers. Thus, needless to say their menu varies from one country to another. If they open a branch in a Muslim country, they would omit pork and ham from their menu. Because of this great sensitivity for their customers, I would not have any doubts whatsoever over their success on Iraq. Subways decision to do â€Å"Giant Subs†, dependent on the customers likes and dislikes shows their sensitivity and the way they value their customers and because of this it is no wonder that Subway is very successful. However, as most businesses are, Subway does have its critics. Eric Schlosser is at odds with the way Subway does their franchising, criticizing the way Subway competes with its competitors. Schlosser does not agree with the way Subway selected its position in order to better compete with their competitors. I’ve also read something about Subway fooling their customers. In the article it is said that Subway is being criticized by nutritionists despite the fact that Subways front is that they are a health restaurant. The criticisms can be clearly seen in this line, â€Å"Subway sells ‘trick food’ and hides the fact that many of its food items contain high levels of calories, fooling customers by the ‘less than 6 grams of fat’ signs commonly shown in ads or in stores worldwide.† (www.wikipedia.org). I would not condemn Subway for the way they operates because such things are common in businesses. Somehow, businessmen can’t help but make a fool of their clients by giving and showing them what they want to see. It is part of business to appear to be something they are not and I don’t think, not even for a minute, that Subway alone does such tricks. Also, the way Subway competes did not bother me for a minute because I believe that that is what business is all about – competition. Upon analyzing Subway, I came into the conclusion that Subway lives by the maxim â€Å"the end justifies the means† and thus my belief that they are utilitarians. The cunning Subway showed in fooling their customers made me reflect about a certain philosopher I know named Niccolo Machiavelli. Surely the idea to pretend to be something you’re not if it would keep you in your position originated from Machiavelli himself. Now, these things made me think that not only politicians alone read Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince†. It is very evident that businessmen got some advice from the great Machiavelli. I have made the claim that Subway is more of a utilitarian than a Kantian because of the reasons I have mentioned earlier in this paper. A Kantian would not, even for a second, put profits or benefits over the rights of an individual. Thus, I think Subway is very much a Utilitarian because it is evident in their action that they gives utmost importance to the consequences of their actions. If fooling a customer would yield better profit for them then they would not feel the slightest twinge of remorse upon fooling their customers. Also if people or rather their customers feels safer by eating in Subway even though their show that their products are health foods are nothing but a mere faà §ade then they should still go through it for the reason that it causes or it promotes more pleasure than pain or happiness than suffering. Since, their customers would not want to eat risky foods which would make them fat and would cause them great displeasure then the decision of Subway to fool their customers is not bad, at least for a utilitarian. Having made this paper, I therefore conclude that Subway lives more on a code of ethics which values the consequences of an action. The said ethics is called Utilitarianism. Thus, upon conclusion, Subway lives in the maxim â€Å"the end justifies the means†. Reference: http://www.echeat.com/ http://www.chiefmarketer.com/division/consumer-marketing/ http://www.subway.com/en-us https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page How to cite Marketing ethics, Essay examples Marketing Ethics Free Essays Marketing Activities —–Groupon Hong Kong Groupon is a deal a day websites, it provides a newly developed business model that offer group coupon per day. The companies provide the coupon of services and products with discount and it works as assurance contract. That means only if the number of people who sign up for the group coupon meet the minimum, the deal will become available. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, there are sharply increasing number of the complaints against the products of the group buying websites in Hong Kong . Groupon Hong Kong as the biggest group buying company, still being criticized as companies without ethical marketing in Hong Kong. This essay has facilitated the discovery of the ethics of Cadbury’s marketing activities. The discussion is mainly focused on marketing ethical of the products of the Groupon Hong Kong. The products will be analyzed based two ethical values which are responsibility and transparency with according to American Marketing Association (AMA). http://hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110701sec_id=4104art_id=15391305 Responsibility: Groupon Hong Kong failed to accept the consequence of their marketing decision and strategies. On early September Groupon Hong Kong offers group coupon that customers only need to pay 148 for buying Mint Design shoes which priced $400 in the market. However, it fails to provide products to customers within the committed date as the product was shock out. Although there are many customers claimed to refund, the Groupon did not give any properly responds to customers. Instead of refund to customer Groupon offer another model shoes to customers and titled â€Å"upgraded service† without any reason and the agreement of the customers. (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011) The Groupon fail to provide products as they did not set the limit for the coupon appropriated with the inventory of the Mint Design and refuse to deal with the customers’ complaints. Instead of serve the customers to refund; the Groupon forced the customer to accept another â€Å"upgraded product†. According to AMA, it is unethical for Groupon simple ignore the customers’ claim and force them to accept another product. Transparency: http://hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? iss_id=20110924sec_id=4104subsec_id=11867art_id=15643242 Groupon Hong Kong also failed to create a spirit of openness in marketing operations. Customers MS Ng claims it is different to make appointment for enjoy the service which purchased through Groupon Hong Kong. However, she can easily make the appointment for the service in the same shop as a normal customer who paid for origin price. The Kinki Nail Professional said that they set limited quota daily for the Groupon Hong Kong’s customers. However, the Groupon did not disclose this to customers (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011). According to the AMA, companies have to explain and disclose the risk of the product or service which can determine customers to make the purchase decision. However, Groupon transparent insufficient information about the risk of failure for making booking for the service as the quota set by the suppliers. It is unethical in terms of transparency for group disclose insufficient information. http://hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110924sec_id=4104subsec_id=11867art_id=15643242 From above information, it shows that marketing activities are ethical in term of responsibility and transparency. There are increased From my point of view, the Groupon as a leading company in group buying websites should be more responsible for customer needs. Also, Groupon as an intermediate between suppliers and customers, it is necessary for further communication with suppliers. This can help Groupon to provide accurate and comprehensive information of the products and services to customers. How to cite Marketing Ethics, Essay examples

Public Health Many Chronic Diseases

Question: Discuss about the case study Public Health for Many Chronic Diseases. Answer: Evidence review Overweight and obesity are now dramatically on the rise in the leading urban countries of the world. It is the major risk factor for many chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and cardiovascular disease. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics report, over 63.4% of Australian adults were found to be obese in Australia. In Australia, everyone in five children is either overweight or obese ("4338.0 - Profiles of Health, Australia, 2011-13", 2016). Several health promotional activities have been undertaken to address the prevalence of obesity in children and youths. In the school, setting strategies have been taken to address physical activity and nutrition through a coordinated school health program. It included maintaining an active school health council and strengthening schools nutrition and physical activity policies. It also focussed on implementing high quality health promotion program for school staff. It encouraged school members to participate in hea lth assessment, nutrition classes to improve physical and mental health problems (Centers for Disease Control., 2013). Another article reported a rapid rise in obesity among children even in low and middle-income countries. It suggested countries should implement nutritional policies that promote healthy growth, household nutrition security and protect children from inducements to inactive life and over consuming foods of poor nutritional quality. The existence of poor nutrient products has lead to rapid weight gain in childhood and exposed children to risk for chronic diseases. It suggested maximum public health effort is required to restrict adverse marketing of breast milk substitutes and protecting older children from sedentary activities and nutrient poor foods (Lobstein et al., 2015). The study on lesson learnt from obesity prevention efforts in Australia revealed that government action regarding obesity prevention started in the 1980s and the increased media reports in 2000s further created the pressure to take action. The food industry worked to ensure front food labeling and restricting marketing of unhealthy food to children. Healthy school food guideline was implemented, and the Government of Australia established an organization to reduce childhood obesity. However, despite strong advocacy, many regulatory policies remained unimplemented because of the domination of private sectors over public policy development (Swinburn Wood, 2013). Based on the evidence-based discussion on health promotion activities to reduce obesity, I observed that making lifestyle changes from childhood is essential to prevent obesity. People who are obese from childhood continue to be obese even in adulthood. Therefore, as a health promotion worker in an urban government funded health service in Australia, I plan to take actions to improve dietary intake and active living in children below 0-5 years so that they grow up to be healthy and confident citizens. Aim and objective My aim and objective to promote healthy eating and active living in early childcare sector (daycare centers and pre-schools for children up to 5 years) are as follows: Teach parents about healthy eating and activity habits and providing the healthy environment for children to play, eat and grow. Provide children opportunities for active play and fun in short sessions throughout the day. Providing a varied and balanced diet and emphasis on minimally processed foods. Provide nutritional guidelines to parenting to develop healthy eating habits in their children. Regulating infant feeding and mealtime habits (Bleich et al., 2013). Additional formative evaluation The additional evaluation that I would like to do in my project is to monitor the problem and level of intervention in childhood day care center. Estimate of the number of children who are obese in these units will give an idea of the amount of efforts required to prevent obesity. It will also be necessary to enquire parents about their nutritional knowledge. Other forms of evaluation that I will do are assessing child's lifestyle, the status of linear growth, calorie intake and genetic syndrome (Natale et al., 2013). This is essential because some child may have poor linear growth due to endocrine dysfunction. It will help in understanding the nature of the problem and the context of intervention. The information through surveillance and monitoring will also help to evaluate progress in this step and enable advocacy. Many unhealthy dietary and physical habits that account for the development of obesity are established by the age of five. Therefore children enrolled in early childcar e facilities are an ideal setting to implement and evaluate childhood obesity prevention program (Dietz et al., 2015). Evaluation planning While planning my evaluation the issue that I would like to consider the issues related to obesity such as- Food choices- I will evaluate whether children are choosing high fat and sugary foods instead of healthier food options. It will be done by evaluating their snack and meal patterns, the kind of foods they bring from home (Bray Bouchard, 2014). . Lack of physical activity- In this area, I will judge what factors had lead to increased physical inactivity among children. It will involve analyzing how much time children spend on watching television per day or the time they spend in watching computer and electronic games. Modern life, electronic gadgets, mobile phones and many others might be a factor in sedentary life in children (Karnik Kanekar, 2015). Overweight parents- A family's eating pattern can have a remarkable influence on children eating habit and maintaining a healthy weight. Therefore, I want to evaluate these factors because overweight patterns may be less concerned about their child being overweight and they will only feed them more unhealthy and oily foods. If the parents are health conscious, they will develop this habit in their children too (Bray Bouchard, 2014). Genetic factors- I also want to explore genetic factors in children because some rare gene disorder may cause severe childhood obesity. It is also possible that genes acting together make children more susceptible to obesity. If there is a tendency in certain families to become overweight, I would like to parents to be more aware of taking healthy food choices for the sake of whole family (Karnik Kanekar, 2015). I would like to address and minimize the factors lead to increased rate of childhood obesity. The factors that have altered lifestyle and physical activity are changes in the marketing of food, physical and social elements in the community, home and childcare environment and role of parents. Now people prefer readymade packaged food like fast food, frozen food, burgers, pizza and unhealthy oily foods. Increased consumption of convenience foods has occurred because of rising cost of healthy food items. Marketing and advertising practices for healthy foods are also a major contributor to childhood obesity. I would prefer giving information to children and parents regarding how this food will be harmful to them. I will also like to evaluate the environment inside and outside schools and child care facilities. Many child care centers and school canteen serves unhealthy and unhygienic foods (Pearce Langley-Evans, 2013). Therefore, evaluation in this area will help me to judge how much sc hool and day care centers are concerned about their health. I will implement practices of serving healthy foods to children in schools and parents must also be encouraged to give them healthy nutritious food in their lunch box. I will also like to address issues like culture and lifestyle pattern in families that influences their choice of food, leisure time and time spent in child care. Educating parents will be one important strategy for me to enable healthy living in children (Kjeldsen et al., 2014). Based on this evaluation, I will plan my steps to reduce childhood obesity. I work in the following areas: Physical activity: My action steps to improve physical activity are Making children above 12 months attend 60 minutes of outdoor or indoor physical activity per day. It would involve free play, teaching-oriented activities, music, and movement. Children will be limited to the minimum time of television viewing such as not more than 60 minutes per educational programs. Ensuring physical activity is a positive experience for children, and it is not used negatively to control behavior. Children will not be forced to engage in physical activities if they are not willing to participate in such activities (Deitz, 2015). Nutrition: The action steps to improve nutrition in infants are: Encourage child care providers to provide the variety of nutritious food and limiting junk foods and sugary drinks. Parents will be encouraged to incorporate healthy eating habits in children and feed them nutritious food. Provide written guidelines and posted menus to parents regarding the kind of food they should feed their infants (Foltz et al., 2012). Evaluation Overview Evaluation question Describe specific indicators that will answer this Describe the method you would use Comment on things you need to be aware of and plan for Outcome evaluation How will the environment to support healthy eating and active living be implemented in an early child care setting? Indicators related to childs lifestyle, eating pattern, physical activity, food choices, nutritional food marketing will answer this question. The methods for promoting physical activity in children are: 1. Facilitate and encourage physical activity in children in day care center by involving children in recreational activities like fun games, cycling. 2. Arranging for two to three outdoor activities for daily active play and removing barriers to outdoor play. 3. Limit the time that children spend in restricted seating. 4. Keep screen media off around children below two years and minimize screen time in children above two years (Heath et al., 2012). The methods to improve early child care nutrition are: 1. Provide balanced diet food in day care facilities like green vegetables, whole grain food ed items, healthy lean protein, food containing healthy monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats like olive oil or safflower oil. 2. Introduce complementary foods at an appropriate age (Ludwig et al., 2012). I would plan for implementing this active session in dare care center and encouraging day carer to plan lessons based on outdoor and active tasks. I would ensure that this is documented in the daily schedule so that children get exposure to outdoor activities in the school setting. I will delegate the task to caregivers and food service personnel regarding implementing the nutrition plan. Impact evaluation How far has parents and childcare facility taken the responsibility to reduce obesity in children? What will the impact of the above intervention plan? The indicators to predict impact evaluation are-level of consciousness among parents to introduce healthy food habits and avoidance of junk food, the level of physical activity that children are now getting involved in and measurement of sitting time in children. Surveillance and monitoring of child care center to evaluate the child obesity prevention strategies for parents and child care. Review the effects of the plan by statistics on the reduction of obesity and overweight pattern in children. Regularly maintain a healthy weight checklist for children (Castro et al., 2013). I need to be aware of how far children are exposed to screen time such as gadgets, mobile phones, televisions and computer games. I will evaluate how much time do day care center spend in teaching children through video. I will also plan to check the interest of children in daily life activities Process evaluation What efforts have child carer/ teacher taken to encourage healthy food and active living in children? Indicators are data and records to measure progress in obesity prevention efforts both at community and state level Process evaluation will be done by assessing who are involved in the process and what cost it will have on the overall project. It will judge the percentage target achieved for obesity prevention in the community (Ma et al., 2013). I need to be aware quality and consumption of food in children after the implementation of the plan. I plan to instruct day schools to collect BMI data of children to assess progress in obesity prevention. Vendor sales data will be made public to for analysis of types of food items purchased by parents. Evidence review One study highlighted the methods taken for evaluation of childhood obesity prevention program in the childcare center setting. A randomized controlled obesity prevention trial was conducted for three years in ethnically diverse child care centers with about 1000 children. It tested the efficacy of parent and teacher role intervention on children's nutrition and food activity patterns. The program consisted of implementing daily curricula for parents, teacher and children regarding nutritional intake and technical assistance with more fresh food instead of canned foods. It also implemented a policy for physical activity, screen time and dietary requirement of children. The outcome measure was defined change in BMI and score for fruit and vegetable intake. The result indicated that implementing prevention strategies in the first few years of life is the best way to prevent obesity in children (Natale et al., 2013). Based on analysis of evidence-based intervention, I plan on efforts to change diet and behavior in the school setting by providing healthy early environments to children in a childcare setting. Aim and objective Aim of the projects is to Involve day carers and food personnel in the drive for obesity prevention in the school setting. Implement high quality intensive intervention in the early years to boost health in adulthood. Implement curriculum changes and written nutrition in a school setting so that balance of both work and active play is given to children (Sobolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Goldberg et al., 2013). Project description The primary strategies that will be taken for obesity prevention in child care setting are as follows: Monitor and evaluate standards of physical activity and quality food served in day care centers Training and technical assistance to teachers to inculcate healthy food habits and active play in children. Changing child care environment to provide outdoor playing opportunities to children. Provide nutritional information to parents regarding foods that they should feed children during infancy. Reducing screen timing for children and keeping them away from junk foods (Bleich et al., 2013). Stakeholder involvement The persons who will be involved in this initiative are food personnel, dietitian, day care staff, parents and funding partner. Funding partners will aid in the cost involved in the project and look after all investment required in day care centers to promote active living and healthy eating habits in children. A nutritionist will be consulted regarding setting the menu for types of food that will be provided to children to child care centers (Wang et al., 2015). Their task will to make a written healthy food plan for children and give detail on the nutritional requirement for effective child growth. This food plan will be distributed to parents, and a session will be taken that will educate parents about the risk associated with obesity and the things that they should do to reduce overweight in their children. The food personnel will be contacted to provide the supply of healthy and nutritious food in child care centers. The teachers at daycare center will be given technical assista nce and training to plan the daily curriculum that is a balance of study and active learning activities. Teaching through television assistance will be minimum, such only 30 minutes per day. They will be asked to plan such outdoor activities that limit children sitting time as well as make them enjoy in the process. Teachers will be asked to assess BMI of each child regularly and accordingly give feedback to their parents (Ward et al., 2013). Resource planning The success of my project is dependent on factors like availability of resources, human efforts, timeliness, cost and finance factor and consciousness of parents regarding the issue of obesity. The child care education program is targeted to improve nutrition, provide breastfeeding support, enhance physical activity and reduce screen time. The spectrum of opportunities for obesity prevention are administrating regulations for food safety at child care centers, implement the quality rating and improvement system, availability of funding and finance and professional development of day care staff. Facility level intervention will help to provide technical assistance and access to the healthy environment for children. The primary strategy is family involvement on this drive as they are the person who spends the most time with children and plays a role in the development of eating habits of children. There will be rating systems that will communicate publicly how well child care facilitie s are meeting the criteria for obesity prevention. Regarding funding assistance for the project, help will be taken from government and investors. The program will ensure that educator at child care units is trained on physical activity and nutritional needs of an infant (Natale et al., 2013). Risk Management Parents might be a potential threat to this project. This is because many families have this culture of eating rich foods with oil and they like their children to be overweight. They may not understand the seriousness of the problem associated with obesity and to manage this risk; major focus will be on educating parents on obesity and healthy living. There will be strict ruling regarding providing healthy lunch boxes to children from the home. I will also identify any gap in the process and if teachers do not meet the criteria for obesity prevention. They may face penalties like the closure of their facilities (Kelly et al., 2013). Gannt chart Planned task Jan-March 2016 April-June 2016 July-Sept 2016 Oct-Dec 2016 Jan-March 2017 April-June 2016 July-Sept 2017 Oct-Dec 2017 Select day care centers Find funders for the project Involve day care staff for intervention Implement written guidelines for serving healthy food Include curricula for physical activity Educate parents on healthy food guideline Evaluate childs BMI post intervention Reference Bleich, S. N., Segal, J., Wu, Y., Wilson, R., Wang, Y. (2013). Systematic review of community-based childhood obesity prevention studies.Pediatrics, peds-2013. Kelly, A. S., Barlow, S. E., Rao, G., Inge, T. H., Hayman, L. L., Steinberger, J., ... Daniels, S. R. (2013). Severe obesity in children and adolescents: identification, associated health risks, and treatment approaches a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.Circulation,128(15), 1689-1712. Natale, R., Scott, S. H., Messiah, S. E., Schrack, M. M., Uhlhorn, S. B., Delamater, A. (2013). Design and methods for evaluating an early childhood obesity prevention program in the childcare center setting.BMC Public Health,13(1), 1. Natale, R., Scott, S. H., Messiah, S. E., Schrack, M. M., Uhlhorn, S. B., Delamater, A. (2013). Design and methods for evaluating an early childhood obesity prevention program in the childcare center setting.BMC Public Health,13(1), 1. Sobolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Goldberg, S., Rabinowitz, J., Gross, R. (2013). Schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based obesity prevention programs: A metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis of randomized controlled trials.Obesity,21(12), 2422-2428. Wang, Y., Cai, L., Wu, Y., Wilson, R. F., Weston, C., Fawole, O., ... Chiu, D. T. (2015). What childhood obesity prevention programmes work? A systematic review and metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis.Obesity Reviews,16(7), 547-565. Ward, D. S., Vaughn, A., Story, M. (2013). Expert and stakeholder consensus on priorities for obesity prevention research in early care and education settings.Childhood Obesity,9(2), 116-124. 4338.0 - Profiles of Health, Australia, 2011-13. (2016).Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 20 August 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4338.0~2011-13~Main%20Features~Overweight%20and%20obesity~10007 Bleich, S. N., Segal, J., Wu, Y., Wilson, R., Wang, Y. (2013). Systematic review of community-based childhood obesity prevention studies.Pediatrics, peds-2013. Bray, G. A., Bouchard, C. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of ObesityVolume 2: Clinical Applications(Vol. 2). CRC Press. Castro, D. C., Samuels, M., Harman, A. E. (2013). Growing healthy kids: a community gardenbased obesity prevention program.American journal of preventive medicine,44(3), S193-S199. Centers for Disease Control. (2013). Make a difference at your school. Dietz, W. H., Baur, L. A., Hall, K., Puhl, R. M., Taveras, E. M., Uauy, R., Kopelman, P. (2015). Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care.The Lancet,385(9986), 2521-2533. Foltz, J. L., May, A. L., Belay, B., Nihiser, A. J., Dooyema, C. A., Blanck, H. M. (2012). Population-Level Intervention Strategies and Examples for Obesity Prevention in Children*.Annual Review of Nutrition,32, 391-415. Heath, G. W., Parra, D. C., Sarmiento, O. L., Andersen, L. B., Owen, N., Goenka, S., ... Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world.The lancet,380(9838), 272-281. Karnik, S., Kanekar, A. (2015). Childhood obesity: a global public health crisis.Int J Prev Med, 2012. 3 (1), 1-7. Kjeldsen, J. S., Hjorth, M. F., Andersen, R., Michaelsen, K. F., Tetens, I., Astrup, A., ... Sjdin, A. (2014). Short sleep duration and large variability in sleep duration are independently associated with dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children.International journal of obesity,38(1), 32-39. Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M. L., Hall, K. D., Gortmaker, S. L., Swinburn, B. A., ... McPherson, K. (2015). Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture.The Lancet,385(9986), 2510-2520. Ludwig, D. S., Blumenthal, S. J., Willett, W. C. (2012). Opportunities to reduce childhood hunger and obesity: restructuring the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (the Food Stamp Program).JAMA,308(24), 2567-2568. Ma, J., Yank, V., Xiao, L., Lavori, P. W., Wilson, S. R., Rosas, L. G., Stafford, R. S. (2013). Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention for weight loss into primary care: a randomized trial.JAMA internal medicine,173(2), 113-121. Natale, R., Scott, S. H., Messiah, S. E., Schrack, M. M., Uhlhorn, S. B., Delamater, A. (2013). Design and methods for evaluating an early childhood obesity prevention program in the childcare center setting.BMC Public Health,13(1), 1. Pearce, J., Langley-Evans, S. C. (2013). The types of food introduced during complementary feeding and risk of childhood obesity: a systematic review.International journal of obesity,37(4), 477-485. Swinburn, B., Wood, A. (2013). Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand.Obesity Reviews,14(S2), 60-68.

Key Legislation Codes of Practice Gscc Essay Example

Key Legislation Codes of Practice Gscc Essay The importance of inclusive practice, in promoting equality and supporting diversity. Inclusion is the opposite of discrimination, by promoting inclusion we are supporting equality and diversity and challenging discrimination. Being able to accept and understand each other’s culture, race and religion is vital to successful social integration and a productive working environment. Equality means all people have the same value. I believe we shouldn’t treat people the same way. We need to recognise that people are individual’s and each individual has different needs. Promotion of equality means promoting equal opportunities for the service user. As professionals we need to put the service user centre to any situation they may find themselves in. For the importance of equality to take place within a health and social care setting we need to show an understanding of the concepts. These include tolerance, care values, Morals and rights, disadvantage. Within hospitals residential care homes and day care homes the concept of tolerance is one of the most important concepts which must be followed. Many different people are from different backgrounds and beliefs. As individuals we may not share the same beliefs or traditions as them. We do however need to act in a professional manner at all times. We must adhere to another person’s beliefs and respect their right to hold that belief or follow their tradition. With this said, we cannot allow our own beliefs to impact there’s and approach any situation with an open mind as there is two sides to each view or belief. Care values are the human rights of an individual (service user) I clarify this as; each person has the right to dignity, privacy and is shown respect. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Legislation Codes of Practice Gscc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Key Legislation Codes of Practice Gscc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Key Legislation Codes of Practice Gscc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To be treated equal as an individual, allowing them to communicate in their own method, protected from harm and cared for in a way that meets their own needs and choices. Each of us is entitled to basic human rights. Researching the human rights act 2000, some of the privileges are the right to life, respect for private and family life, freedom of thought/religion, freedom of expression and an important one is prohibition of discrimination. Without promoting equality of moral rights, the service user is not being treated as an individual within their own rights. As a health care assistant based in a hospital, I witness patients from different backgrounds that have their own cultures and beliefs. This is why health care professionals must promote moral rights of an individual so the patient feels respected. Being treated as an individual will eradicate them feeling worthless and diminish the thought of being treated the same as the patient in the next bed to them. Each of us must demonstrate diversity in practice and understand we are different in some way. An example of being diverse in a health and social care setting; a blind person will need signs, notices, menus in braille where as a deaf patient will not need those aids but instead have the use of hearing aids or sign language. Using single assessments on service users, diversity can be achieved and they will feel more valued. Key legislation laws, codes of practice in relation to diversity, equality, inclusion, discrimination within health and social care. The CQC (Care Quality Commission) is the main regulator for health and social care and this took place in April 2009. Their aim is to implement equality and human rights into day-to day duties. The main purpose is to offer better care have people’s rights protected, and are able to exercise choice and control. Their priority is to ensure care is centred on service user’s needs and protects their human rights. The CQC act efficiently in times of identified poor quality care and regulate high quality care in partnership. The legal duties of the CQC have a requirement to publish equality schemes set out in; †¢ The Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 †¢ The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 †¢ The Equality Act 2006. These are to ensure that the public sector promotes equality and diversity and eliminates discrimination. The CQC are also covered by wider equality legislation under the human rights act 1998. In conjunction with the CQC there was a new act introduced in October 2010 known as ‘The Equality Act 2010’ this replaces previous acts such as the disability discrimination act 1995 and race relations act 1976. In addition part of the act known as the PSED ‘Public Sector Equality Duty’ came into force April 2011. The act strengthens and adds to previous legislation such as race and disability. Their main focus is to eliminate discrimination, harassment and victimisation. It wants to focus on equality of opportunity and enhance better relations. In terms of codes of practice there are guidelines set up for both the social work employers and employees. They are known under the GSCC (General Social Care Council) The GSCC was set up to regulate the social work profession ensuring only those individuals who are trained at a high degree and committed to high standards only practise in adult social care. The GSCC values diversity and enhances equality through their work. They strive to treat everyone with the dignity and respect they deserve. GSCC have set up codes of practice to ensure social care workers recognise what is expected from them and that service users and public members have an understanding of what quality care they should receive. This policy is intended to form part of legislation, practice standards and employers’ standards and procedures. Each of us as social care workers must ensure that we follow these codes and not let them fall below the standards set out. We must not let any act or omission harm those of our service users. There are six fundamental codes of practice established by the GSCC and I have included them below. See Appendix 1. 1. Protect the rights and promote the interests of service users/carers. 2. Establish and maintain the trust of service users and its carers. 3. Promote the independence of our service users, whilst protecting them from danger or harm 4. Respect the rights of service users and ensure their behaviours or actions do not harm themselves or others 5. Uphold public trust and confidence in social services. 6. Be accountable for the quality of my work and take responsibility for maintaining and improving our qualities and skills.

Oedipus Rex Essays

Oedipus Rex Essays Oedipus Rex Essay Oedipus Rex Essay Oedipus Rex is one of the group of three plays by Sophocles known as Theban plays, since they all relate to the destinies of the Theban family of Oedipus and his children but Oedipus Rex is not only the greatest play of Sophocles but also the greatest Greek play. It presents the story of Oedipus the king and Jocasta the unfortunate Queen and mother and wife of Oedipus. Teiresias, the blind seer, is another important character who prophesize about Oedipus and his tragic future. Then there is Creon who is a cousin of Oedipus. Despite the presence of all these characters, Oedipus seems distinct and all-pervasive in the play. He is regarded as an exalted tragic figure. Oedipus is a complex character with paradoxical characteristics. An insight into his character demonstrates that he possesses god as well as certain bad qualities but these good qualities also contribute to bring his tragic downfall. He is an intelligent man who is extremely obsessed with his intell igence. He has unsurpassable self-confidence and arrogance yet he possesses an unmatchable quest for truth. So his character is a strange mix different contradictory characteristic. The first quality that we observe in Oedipus is a good quality i.e. his obsession with his own intelligence and this leads him to very unfortunate and uncomfortable situations. This tragic flaw of Oedipus laps over with his pride as he is extremely proud of the fact that he was able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx which had proved too much for any other person. He thinks that Gods has capacitated him with intelligence and wisdom to solve riddle that the Thebes is afflicted with. Oedipus even taunts Tireseas on his inability in solving the Sphinx’s riddle. He says; And where were you, when the Dog-faced Witch was here?/Have you any word of deliverance then for our people?/There was a riddle too deep for common wits;/A seer should have answered it, but answer there came none/From you†¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (12-16) After calling the soothsayer false prophet, Oedipus boasts of his own skill in having solved the puzzled which proved too much for the blind seer; Until I came- I, ignorant Oedipus, came- / And stopped the riddler’s mouth, guessing he truth/By mother-wit, not bird-lore.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (17-19) So he describes Tiresaeas predictive cautions as the whims of a fanatic and opposes his prophecy with arguments of his own. Confidence and pride in his own wisdom is an outstanding feature of his character that also brings his tragedy. Here Oedipus fulfills the traits of Aristotelian tragic hero as he possesses a noble tragic flaw. The man who sets out on his new task by sending first for the venerable seer is not lacking in pious reverence; but we also observe that Oedipus manifests unrestrained arrogance in his own intellectual achievement. No seer found the solution, this is Oedipus boast; no bird, no god revealed it to him, he â€Å"the utterly ignorant† had to come on his own and hit the mark by his own wit. This is a justified pride but it amounts too much. This pride and self-confidence induce Oedipus to despise prophecy and feel almost superior to the gods. He tell the people who pray for deliverance from pathos and miseries they are afflicted with if they listen to an d follow his advice in order to get a remedy. The second characteristics of his personality is also a positive one i.e. his unrelenting pursuit of the truth. This is demonstrated when he believes he is the murderer and that Polybus was not his father, yet he continues with his search with the statement, â€Å"I must pursue this trail to the end,† (p.55).  These characteristics are only fuel to the fire and add to the pride created a blaze that consumed him. Bernard Knox eulogizes Oedipus’ â€Å"dedication to truth, whatever the cost† (p.117) Another characteristics of his character that contributes toward his tragedy is Oedipus’ longing for thoroughness. His inquisitive nature is not content with anything which is either half-hearted or incomplete. Nor can he brook any delay. He damns that the direction of the oracle should be given effect at once. As before, Oedipus speaks on the basis of the workings of his own mental faculties that has been tested time and again and have proved their intelligence . It can be said that the tragedy of Oedipus is the result more of his good qualities than his bad ones. It is his love for Thebes which makes him send Creon to Delphi to consult the Oracles. It is the same care for his subjects which makes him proclaim a ban and a curse on the murderer of Laius. It is his absolute honesty which makes him include even himself within the curse and the punishment. He is angry with Tiresaeas because he is unable to tolerate the fact that   although the prophet says that he know who the murderer of Laius is , he refuses top give the information to the king. His rage and rashness is due to the fact that the masses are suffering and Tiresaeas does not provide the murderer’s name. Oedipus cannot but regard this as a clear manifestation of the seer’s disloyalty to his city. To Oedipus the discovery of truth is more important than his own good and safety. Even when it seems that the investigation that he is carrying on will not produce any result which will be him, he decides to carry on with it. He is so honest with himself that he inflicts the punishment of self-blinding and banishment from the city of Thebes. So his moral goodness also seems as a tragic flaw that brings his ruin. He replies by saying â€Å"Sick as you are, not one is sick as I, each of you suffers in himself†¦but my spirit Groans for the city, for myself, for you†.  (62-62) Another strange mix of qualities is related to his vision and insight. Some critics are of the view that major tragic flaw of Oedipus is his intellectual myopia. He has a limited vision and is unable to assess the situations in a right perspective. Robert L. Kane (1975) puts this preposition in this way; â€Å"He [Oedipus] was the victim of an optical illusion†. (p. 196) He suffers from two types of blindness i.e. physical and intellectual. One is related to physical sight whereas the other, the most pernicious type of blindness, pertains to insight. Teiresias is physically blind but whereas Oedipus is blind intellectually. This intellectual blindness of Oedipus also contributes greatly to lead him to his tragic destination. Oedipus possesses faultless physical vision throughout play except in the end but he remains blind to the reality regarding himself. At one point in the play, he has the ability to see but he is not willing to do so. He intellectual vision comes with his p hysical loss of sight but he is unable to cast away the psychological â€Å"slings and arrows† and mental sufferings that intellectual blindness has afflicted on him. So his blindness, both intellectual at the start of the play and physical at the end of the day, is the worst. Oedipus can be held guilty due to another tragic flaw- his inability to take appropriate preventive measures. It is said that he fails to take logical steps and precautions which would have saved him from committing the crimes. Oedipus has necessary human failings. One of them is that he rashly jumps into conclusions. Choragos points this out in scene II after a speech by Creon who tries o remove the ill-fed and hastily formed suspicions of Oedipus about Creon. They say, â€Å"Judgments too quickly formed are dangerous† (II, 101) But Oedipus justifies this, arguing that ruler have to take quick decision. He says later on, â€Å"But is he not quick in his duplicity? / And shall I not be quick to parry him?† (II, 102-103) Later at the conclusion of scene II, Creon indicates the same tragic flaw in his character by saying, â€Å"Ugly in yielding, as you were ugly in rage! / Nature like yours chiefly torments themselves.† (II, 151-152) It is this rashness that makes to not merely suspect Creon but accuse him and even declares that he deserves the sentence of death. The rashness can be observed in his treatment of Tireseas. Oedipus does not lack analytical thinking but his rashness does permit him to weigh up the situation rightly and he makes hasty decision. In retrospect we see that rashness of Oedipus has something to do with the murder Laius at the hands of Oedipus. The self-blinding also is an act of rashness although Oedipus tries t give several arguments in favor of it. Some critics regard thi s rashness of Oedipus to be his tragic flaw. So another bad quality i.e. his bad temperament is demonstrated in the squabble between Teiresias and himself, where Teiresias utter the prophetic truth and Oedipus retorts, â€Å"Do you think you can say such things with impunity?† and afterward attributes him as a , â€Å"Shameless and brainless, sightless, senseless sot!†(p.36). His character is further marked with suspicion about Creon to whom he considers as a conspirator. He says with reference his tà ªtetà ªte with Tiresaeas, â€Å"Creon! Was this trick his, then, if not yours?† So his imagination works together with anger and rashness. All the above-mentioned manifestations of character, their supported arguments and views of the critics clearly proves the thesis that Oedipus’ unavoidable ignorance was the major factor of his tragedy because he was unable to locate that the man whom he assaulted on the crossroads to Thebes was his father. Secondly, if he would not have been occupied by his aspirations, he would have possibly explored the horror of his deed and could have avoided the additional tricky situations by not marrying his mother. Thirdly, his â€Å"conscious and intentional† act includes his decision to â€Å"bring what is dark to light† (133). Furthermore, as result to revelation of Tiresaeas, he charges Creon with conspiracy and murder and denounces Tiresaeas as an accessory. Although these actions were intentional and bring Oedipus to tragic end but have a clear background that illustrate that these actions were not â€Å"deliberate†. Fourthly, all these errors originate from a hasty and obstinate temperament, unjustified anger and excessive pride that compel him to an energized inquisitiveness. With the development of the plot, all these ascriptions of his character jumps back with amplified force on his head that finally culminates at his tragedy. Knox (1957) sums up in this way; â€Å"the actions of Oedipus that produce the catastrophe stem from all sides of his character; no one particular action is more essential than any other; they are all essential and they involve not any one trait of character which might be designated a hamartia but the character of Oedipus as a whole† (31). Above-mentioned arguments and supporting evidence clearly manifest that Oedipus had paradoxical qualities and possessed good as well bad characteristics. Sophocles has masterfully juxtaposed his constant obsession with intelligence and his pursuit of truth with his vain pride and excessive anger. But it is also obvious that his good qualities contribute more toward his tragedy than his bad qualities. nbsp;

History of TV Idents Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

History of TV Idents - Dissertation Example Their first ident was a logo that appeared between programs to identify the service. The logo was a simple black and white figure that consisted of different shapes. This first ident was known as the, â€Å"bat’s wings.† The â€Å"bat’s wings† was designed by Abram Games. The logo was an array of mechanical contraption perfected using the best talent and technology of the time. The logo had a small globe spinning at the centre. The globe was then surrounded by two eyelike structures spinning around it. The â€Å"eyes†, then had lightning flashes on both sides (Wiseman, 2010). Bat’s wings (the first TV ident) The bat’s wing was filmed and not produced live like other later idents. The ident was temperamental and broke down a short moment after its filming. Other TV stations soon adapted the BBC ident style and soon all commercial TV stations in London and all over the UK had their own 2D model idents. As many stations cropped up all ove r the world, the technology used in creating idents improved giving way for another generation of idents. In the early 60’s the bat’s wings had been faced out of by the BBC TV logo. The logo was a map of Britain divided according to the regions the BBC broadcasted. The map of the UK later necessitated the use of the globe as the BBC spread its wings all over the world into the British Empire and further. The logo amounted to the broadcaster’s emblem and most people associated with it. The logo was a rotating globe of the earth while a specially designed caption reading â€Å"BBC TV† would appear later. The rotating globe was accompanied by a speaker announcing, â€Å"This is BBC Television†. The first guise of the famous BBC globe appeared in September, 30th 1963. When the BBC started streaming in color in 1969 the first version of the mirror globe was transmitted (Wiseman 2011). The first color ident of the BBC The ident was accompanied with the w ord colour. Inclusion of the word, â€Å"Colour† was meant to remind viewers to buy a new colour TV if they were still getting their transmission in black and white TV. Initially the mirror globe was black with a blue landmasses and logo so that people with black and white televisions could not have their viewing disrupted a lot by a totally colour ident. The mirror comprised of a globe of the world rotating across the landmasses of all continents in the world. Below the landmasses there was a blue line and below it were the words, â€Å"BBC 1 COLOUR† in blue. The ident was complex since the word BBC 1 was italicized to appear as â€Å"BBC 1† while COLOUR remained normal. The ident was critisised for having a very dark background by colour viewers necessitating the need for a more coloured ident. This led to the revision of the mirror globe in 1974. The ident had a futura bold BBC 1 which was not separated from the upper part of the ident as in the earlier versi on of the mirror globe. The colour of the ident was also changed to blue and yellow. The landmasses were yellow while the background and the areas representing the oceans were blue. The word, COLOUR was removed (Wiseman, 2011) The mirror globe was then changed in 1981. The new version of the mirror globe had a BBC 1 double stripped. The globe was also changed to green. The background remained blue. The ident was created by the Nexus Orthicon Display Device (NODD). This device worked in such a way that the image was filmed in black and white

THE STORY OF THE GRAIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE STORY OF THE GRAIL - Essay Example He leaves his mother who has raised him in ignorance of the chivalry of the world around him; this young Welshman travels to find the court of King Arthur. His desire is to be knighted. In a journey that is filled with a lot of adventure, Perceval meets with an older knight who trains him on how to use his newly acquired weapons. He is called Gornemant of Gohort. He tells Perceval to tame his tongue in future. In his travels he also meets his cousin who informs him of his mother’s death from a broken heart. He also encounters his Hermit Uncle in a forest who demystifies the golden grail. He has seen this grail earlier in the manor of a Fisher King he has met in his travels. There are several themes that are advanced in this myth, and this essay aims at examining aspects of this myth to give answers to some questions. Topic 1 From the story of Perceval and the grail, the characteristics of the medieval society may be deduced. One of the aspects revealed of this society is that it was largely religious. It is also clear that the medieval society highly regarded family values. Virtue was also esteemed in the medieval society, as the myth illustrates. These are traits that are brought out by different characters, and events in the tale. The religious nature of this society comes up in several instances. When Perceval encounters Gornemant, one of the things Gornemant advices him to do is to go to church. Gornemant is the gentleman who teaches him the appropriate conduct of a knight. This indicates that the knight is not only concerned with fighting, but also has a spiritual life. Spirituality of the medieval society also comes out when Perceval lodges at the house of the Fisher King. The father of his host is sustained by eating a single mass of wafers each day (Troyes and Cline). Perceval also has an uncle who is a hermit and lives in the forest where he communes with God. It is here that Perceval says the only prayer he knows, one that his mother taught him . He learnt this prayer as a boy, showing that religion takes a vital position in this society. Children are taught the basics of religion from a tender age. The importance of family is revealed severally in this myth. When Perceval meets his cousin weeping under an oak tree, he is concerned about her. His cousin is weeping holding a knight with a chopped head. The one responsible is another knight. He offers to pursue the knight who killed his cousin’s lover, meaning that family is vital to him. Perceval’s mother is also buried before the altar of the hermit, since she was a relation to him by virtue of being married to his brother. Virtue is also an essential part of the society, and people were guided by honour. The maiden who Perceval forces a kiss from is suspected of infidelity by her lover. He then forces her to walk naked as a way of shaming her. This reveals that infidelity was intolerable to the people of that age. When Perceval encounters Blancheflor by coin cidence, she relates her encounters. Blancheflor is Gormenant’s niece, and her followers are weak due to famine and hunger (Troyes and Cline). Many of her men have also been attacked and taken away by the evil knight of Clamadeu. Since she is a leader, she has vowed that she would kill herself before letting Clamadeu take her. This is the character of a leader; fighting to the very end. Topic 2 Diana L. Paxon is of the view that the story of the grail is about the search of deeper meaning in life, or its significance. This notion she has on life is true of the scenario as it is in real life. While at the house of the Fisher King, Perceval notices a procession that serves the lord of that castle. He is a man with greying hair, and unable to stand. The items that are brought in by the people walking in

Effects of the Second World War on Asia and Africa Essay

Effects of the Second World War on Asia and Africa - Essay Example omists for this reason argue that decolonisation occurred due to economic reasons as colonial powers came to enjoy all the benefits of colonies without bearing heavy costs of ruling over them1. There were also movements of independence springing is different parts of Africa. Asian decolonisation may be due to economic reasons but this allowed other colonies to struggle for their freedom too. After the Second World War the hold of colonial powers started to slip as countries started to demand rights. It was also no longer feasible to control so many geographical regions both economically and politically. The feeling of being ‘used’ as a tool in the Second World War also played a role in springing independence movements. All in all decolonisation was the most significant after effect of the Second World War. Without the war it would have been difficult for Asian and African colonies to gain independence. Now we will discuss how decolonisation affected Asia and Africa. Effe cts on Asia People of Asia were involved in directly in the Second World War. British India participated in the war by lending soldiers as well as raw materials to the British Empire. Initially it was difficult for the British Empire to get the support of the Indian people but with the promise of independence Indian people were taken on board for the Second World War. Netherland, Spain, Portugal, and France also had colonies in Asia but due to their weak economic situation they had to draw out of their colonies. The first country to decolonise after Second World War was Indonesia which was under Dutch control. Spain too drew out of territories they controlled. This was all because of the effects of Second World War. The war weakened all the countries to great extent and therefore they had to pull... This essay seeks to examine effects of the Second World War on Africa and Asia. It is discussed how the end of Second World War paved the way for independence of the colonised countries in Africa and Asia. It also talks about the after-effects of decolonisation on Asian and African continents. The Second World War ended in a disaster. Japan was facing severe problems due to atomic bomb. Europe was completely destroyed as millions were affected from the war. Great Britain, France, Netherland, Spain, United States, and Soviet Union all had colonies all over the world at the time. It can be said that there was no ‘third world’ in pre Second World War scene and most of the world was controlled by the above mentioned colonisers. The effect of the damages of Second World War was great. Economically almost all the countries were suffering including the colonies themselves. The situation of the natives of colonies was not economically healthy since The Great Depression as prices of raw materials were falling constantly. The paper concludes that the long term effects of Second World War were great on Africa and Asia as new countries came into existence and new forms of nationalism were founded. New countries played an active role in international politics as well as in trade. Today Asian countries are growing at a great pace and the once ‘third world’ is now powering up to gain economic supremacy over western countries. All this began with the end of Second World War and decolonisation.

Synthesis Method of Napthoyl-thiourea Derivatives

Synthesis Method of Napthoyl-thiourea Derivatives CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter explains briefly on the synthesis method of napthoyl-thiourea derivatives, experimental characterization techniques (CHNS, FTIR, UV-Vis, UV-F, 1H and 13C NMR, Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallography Analysis, XRD, TGA, SEM, CV), electrodeposition of napthoyl-thiourea derivatives on ITO substrate, electrical conductivity measurement, IV curve characteristic, performance of organic diode and theoretical calculation via Gaussion 09 software package functions. 3.1  Reagents, Chemicals and Solvent All chemicals used in this study were commercially available and used as received without any purification step taken. Chemicals namely 1-napthanoyl chloride (C10H7COCl), ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), 2-aminopyridine (C5H6N2), 2-amino-5-chloro-pyridine (C5H5N2Cl) and 3-amino-4-methylpyridine (C6H8N2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. In addition, 2-amino-5-picoline (C6H8N2) and 2-amino-3-picoline (C6H8N2) were supplied from Merck. Solvents such as methanol (CH3OH), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and dimethylsulphoxide were supplied by Merck. Other solvents used in this study namely chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3) and hexane (C6H14) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile (C2H3N) and diethyl ether (C4H10O) were supplied by R M chemicals. Whilst, acetone (CH3COCH3) was obtained from Fisher scientific. 3.2  Instrumentation and Characterization Techniques The infrared (IR) spectra of the synthesized compounds were recorded on a Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 using potassium bromide (KBr) pellets. Electronic absorption spectra of the samples were recorded in the range of 200-400 nm using Shimadzu UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 1601 series in 1cm3 cuvette while the electronic emission spectra were recorded in the same range by using Shimadzu UV-Fluorescence Spectrophotometer. For Single X-Ray Crystallography, the diffraction data were collected at 296.15K. The structure was solved and refined by using Olex2 solution program and refinement package using Gauss-Newton Minimization. The 1H (400.11 MHz) and 13C (100.61 MHz) NMR spectra were recorded using Bruker Avance III 400 Spectrometer in CDCl3 as solvent and internal standard at room temperature in the range between ÃŽ ´H 0–15ppm and ÃŽ ´C 0–200ppm, respectively. Besides, CHNS-O Analyzer Flashea 1112 series was used to determine the experimental percentage of C, H, N and S elements of the synthesized compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using Perkin–Elmer TGA Analyzer from 0oC to 700oC at a heating rate of 10oC/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on precoated plate of TLC Silica Gel 60 F254 (Merck) and spots were visualized with ultraviolet light. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed using Rigaku MiniFlexll from 3à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±-80à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±. The technique cyclic voltammetry was performed using Electrochemical Impedence Spectroscopy (EIS) PGSTAT302 with three-electrode cell consisting of a polished Pt rod working electrode, Pt disc counter electrode and AgCl reference electrode. The solutions were ~10-3 M in electroactive material and 0.1 M supporting electrolyte, sulphuric acid. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) PGSTAT302 was used to coat the synthesized compounds on the ITO thin film by using electrochemistry method. EIS was used to study the oxidation and reduction state of the element of the synthesized compounds. The surface morphology of the final synthesised compounds in the form of powder and thin films were scanned by JSM 6360 Joel Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with accelerated voltage 20 kV and magnification from 2000Ãâ€" until 10000Ãâ€" The electrical conductivity of the thin film was measured in the dark conditions by using Four-Point Probe and LI-200 Pyranometer Sensor with LI-1400 Data Logg er while Keithley 4200 SCS Semiconductor Characterization System and Probe Station were used for efficiency determination and OLED parameters were evaluated from IV curve. The performance as Diode was performed by using D2 Power Supply GP-430D. Last but not least, the experimental result were proven by using ab initio quantum mechanical evaluation at the theoretical level of DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d,p). The physical parameters such as dipole moment, energy band gap (HOMO and LUMO) and Mulliken Charges Bond length were calculated using Natural Bond Orbital Theory at the same theoretical level. 3.3  General Research Design In this study, the methodology is divided into four parts. Firstly, this research started with the synthesis napthoyl substructure of thiourea derivative. Secondly, all the synthesized compounds were characterized by using elemental analysis, typical spectroscopic and analytical techniques and electrochemical analysis. Next, the synthesized compounds were deposited on the ITO substrate as a thin film by using electrochemical deposition method. The conductivity and performance of the synthesized compounds as OLED were evaluated. Lastly, the experimental data were compared with the theoretical calculation by using Gaussion 09 software package. Figure 3.1 shows the schematic diagram of the experimental flow chart. 3.4  Synthetic Approach The synthetic approach to obtain the compounds of interest is shown in Scheme 3.2. Thiourea derivatives (15) were prepared by using 1-naphthoyl chloride as starting material. The mixture of 1-napthhoyl chloride, an equimolar amount of ammonium thiocyanate and designated amines (3-methylpyridin-2-amine, 6-methylpyridin-3-amine, 5-methylpyridin-2-amine, pyridine-2-amine and 5-chloropyridin-2-amine) in acetone was put at reflux with constant stirring for around ca. 10 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature before it was then filtered. The off-white precipitate was removed and the filtrate was added to some ice blocks. The precipitate was crystallised from hot acetone to afford crystals of the title compounds (15). Scheme 3.2The general overview of the synthetic pathway applied in this study 3.5  Experimental Section 3.5.1  Synthesis of N-((3-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)-1-naphthamide (1) A solution of 1-napthanoyl chloride (1.5ml, 1mol) with the equimolar amount of ammonium thiocyanate (0.76g, 1mol) in ca. 50ml acetone in 100ml two-necked round-bottom flask. The reaction mixture was put at reflux with continuous stirring for ca. 5 hours. Then, a solution of 6-methylpyridin-3-amine (1.07g, 1mol) in ca. 50ml acetone was added to the reaction mixture and was put at reflux with continuous stirring for ca. 7 hours. The progress of the reaction was monitored with TLC (Hexane: DCM; 3:2). Once the reaction completed the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered into a beaker containing some ice cubes. The resulting light brown precipitate obtained, recrystallized from hot acetone to afford the title compound (1). 3.5.2  Synthesis of N-((5-metylpyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)-1-naphtamide (2) The title compound 2, (2.33g, 96%) obtained as light yellow crystalline solid was prepared from 1-napthanoyl chloride (1.5ml, 1mol), ammonium thiocyanate (0.76g, 1mol) and 3-methylpyridin-2-amine (1.07g, 1mol) in the manner as describe above. 3.5.3  Synthesis of N-((3-metylpyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)-1-naphtamide (3) The title compound 3, (2.66g, 98%) obtained as light yellow crystalline solid was prepared from 1-napthanoyl chloride (1.5ml, 1mol), ammonium thiocyanate (0.76g, 1mol) and 5-methylpyridin-2-amine (1.07, 1mol) in the manner as describe above. 3.5.4  Synthesis of N-(pyridin-2-ylcarbamothioyl)-1-naphthamide(4) In a manner similar to that described above 3, the title compound 4, (0.88g, 45%) obtained as light yellow crystalline solid was prepared from 1-napthanoyl chloride (1.5ml, 1mol), ammonium thiocyanate (0.76g, 1mol) and pyridin-2-amine (0.94g, 1mol). 3.5.5  Synthesis of N-((5-chloropyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)-1-naphthamide(5) The title compound 5, (1.97g, 87%) obtained as light yellow crystalline solid was prepared from 1-napthanoyl chloride (3ml, 1mol), ammonium thiocyanate (0.76g, 9.95mmol) and 5-chloropyridin-2-amine (1.28, 1mol) in the manner as describe above. 3.6Electrodeposition of Naptoyl-Thiourea Derivatives on ITO substrate The ITO substrates were used as working electrode was firstly cleaned with distilled water, detergent and acetone by using ultrasonic cleaner. All the synthesized compounds (15) were deposited on the ITO substrates by electrochemistry method by using Electrochemical Impendance Spectroscopy (EIS) PGSTAT302. By using the GPES method software, cyclic voltammetry (staircase) method was set to be in normal procedure. The depositions of the compounds were done in a mixture of compound dissolved in 45ml acetonitrile (10-3 M) and 5ml sulphuric acid (10-3 M) which act as supporting electrolyte .The cyclic of the process were set in Table 3.1 below. Figure 3.1 represent the arrangement layers of ITO/napthoyl-thiourea thin film. While, scheme 3.3 shows the overall methodology for organic light emitting diode (OLED) formation and characterization. Table 3.1 Procedure set for electrodeposition process No of scan 5 Start potential (V) 0 First Vertex Potential (V) 0 Second Vertex Potential (V) 3 Step Potential (V) 0.01 Scan Rate (Vs-1) 0.05 Figure 3.1The arrangement layers of ITO/napthoyl-thiourea thin film (1a5a) 3.7  Electrical Conductivity Measurement Four point probe was used to determine the conductivity of the thin film. The sheet resistivity of the films was measured with complete four probing system that consists of the Jandel Universal Probe combined with a Jandel RM3 Test Unit (Figure 3.2). In this study, the electrical conductivity of thin film was measured in dark condition to see its tendency to be applied as organic diode. Four probes were aligned and lowered onto the sample. The two outer probes supplied a voltage difference that drives a current through the film while the two inner probes pick up a voltage difference. Figure 3.2Jandel Universal Probe and RM3 Test Unit The sheet resistances (resistivity) for the thin films are shown in Equation 3.1 below. The unit of sheet resistance is ohms per square (à ¯Ã‚ -/sq): Rs = 4.532 x V / I (Equation3.1) Where: Rs = sheet resistance 4.532 = correction factor V = voltage measured I = current applied The electrical conductivity can be determined which it is the reciprocal (inverse) of the electrical resistivity, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³ as shown in Equation 3.2. The unit of electrical conductivity is ohm-1 m-1 (à ¯Ã‚ --1 m-1) = Siemens m-1 (Sm-1). à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³ = 1 / Rs(Equation 3.2) Where, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³ = electrical conductivity Rs = sheet resistivity 3.8  IV Curve Characteristic The IV curves of the 1a5a were measured by using Keithley 4200 SCS Semiconductor Characterization System and Probe Station (Figure 3.3). In this study, ITO substrate act as hole collecting layer (anode) while napthoyl-thiourea derivatives act as hole and electron carriers. The coated ITO substrates were mask with low work function metal which is aluminuim which act as cathode. Figure 3.3Semiconductor Characterization System and Probe Station The I-V curve shows the relationship between the currents and voltages gradient associated with the different current terminal (anode and cathode) of the diode. The obtained curve displays the forward current, reverse current, knee voltage and breakdown voltage of the diode. 3.9  Performance as Diode The performances of 1a5a as organic diode were tested by using D2 Power Supply GP-430D (Figure 3.4) under dark condition with difference voltagesin the range 15V to 30V. Figure 3.4D2 Power Supply GP-430D

Artificial Neural Network Based Rotor Reactance Control Essay

Abstract: Problem statement: The Rotor reactance control by inclusion of external capacitance in the rotor circuit has been in recent research for improving the performances of Wound Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM). The rotor capacitive reactance is adjusted such that for any desired load torque the efficiency of the WRIM is maximized. The rotor external capacitance can be controlled using dynamic capacitor in which the duty ratio is varied for emulating the capacitance value. This study presents a novel technique for tracking maximum efficiency point in the entire operating range of WRIM using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The data for ANN training were obtained on a three phase WRIM with dynamic capacitor control and rotor short circuit at different speed and load torque values. Approach: A novel nueral network model based on back-propagation algorithm has been developed and trained for determining the maximum efficiency of the motor with no prior knowledge of the machine parameter s. The input variables to the ANN are stator current (Is), Speed (N) and Torque(Tm) and the output variable is duty ratio (D). Results: The target is set with a goal of 0.00001. The accuracy of the ANN model is measured using Mean Square Error (MSE) and R2 parameters. The result of R2 value of the proposed ANN model is 0.99980. Conclusion: The optimal duty ratio and corresponding optimal rotor capacitance for improving the performances of the motor are predicted for low, medium and full loads by using proposed ANN model. Key words: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Wound Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM), Torque(Tm), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), rotor reactance control, corresponding optimal rotor INTRODUCTION It is known from the literatu... ...11. Neural network based new energy conservation scheme for three phase induction motor operating under varying load torques. IEEE Int. Conf. PACC’11, pp: 1-6. R. A. Jayabarathi and N. Devarajan, 2007. ANN Based DSPIC Controller for Reactive Power Compensation. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4: 508-515. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2007.508.515. T. Benslimane, B. Chetate and R. Beguenane, 2006. Choice Of Input Data Type Of Artificial Neural Network To Detect Faults In Alternative Current Systems. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 3: 1979-1983. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2006.1979.1983. M. M. Krishan, L. Barazane and A. Khwaldeh, 2010. Using an Adaptative Fuzzy-Logic System to Optimize the Performances and the Reduction of Chattering Phenomenon in the Control of Induction Motor. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7: 110-119. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2010.110.119.